Australian History in Credo: 20th to 21st Centuries

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 1996-2007
Australian politician. Firmly on the conservative wing of the Liberal party, after entering the federal parliament in 1974, Howard served in the governments of Malcolm Fraser 1975-83, and then held senior opposition posts.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 2007–2010, 2013
Australian centre-left politician, prime minister from 2007. A former diplomat, he gained a high national profile as the Australian Labour Party's shadow minister for foreign affairs 2001-06, criticizing John Howard's Liberal-National coalition government's support for the USA in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 2010–2013
She was sworn in as Australia’s first female prime minister in June 2010. In June 2013 Gillard was defeated by Rudd in an ALP leadership vote; she then resigned as prime minister.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 2013-2015
Australian political leader, b. London, England. His family moved to Australia in 1960.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 2015-2018
Australian centre-right Liberal Party politician. A successful former lawyer and businessman, he was elected to Australia's parliament in 2004, representing the Wentworth division of Sydney.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 1901-1903
Educated at Sidney University, he worked as a barrister before entering the New South Wales assembly in 1879. As prime minister and foreign minister 1901–03 he secured passage of the ‘white Australia’ Immigration Restriction Act. He resigned in 1903 to become a High Court judge.

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
Prime minister of Australia 1903-1904
Australian prime minister, Deakin was born in Collingwood, a suburb of Melbourne.

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 1939-1941, 1949–1966
Australian statesman and prime minister

From Chambers Dictionary of World History
Prime minister of Australia 1915-1923
British-born Australian politician and Prime Minister.

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
Prime minister of Australia 1941-1945
Australian prime minister during World War II, Curtin was born in Creswick, Victoria.

From Chambers Biographical Dictionary
Prime minister of Australia 1983-1991
Australian trade union executive and politician

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 1996-2007
Australian politician. Firmly on the conservative wing of the Liberal party, after entering the federal parliament in 1974, Howard served in the governments of Malcolm Fraser 1975-83, and then held senior opposition posts.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Prime minister of Australia 1932-1939
Australian politician, founder of the United Australia (now Liberal) Party in 1931.

Australian antarctic explorer and geologist, b. England. His first geographical expedition was to the New Hebrides Islands as a geologist in 1903.

From The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography: Australian politician. Born in Leesville, and brought up in Tasmania, she was educated at the State School and at Hobart Teachers’ Training College.

From The Conversation: An Independent Source of Analysis from Academic Researchers
Australia’s population is growing fast, ticking over 25 million in August 2018. And as the population increases, it is also becoming more diverse.

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
Australia is a safe country by international standards. Crime rates, however, vary from state to state and region to region.

From The Conversation: An Independent Source of Analysis from Academic Researchers
Last week, the Western Australian Government lifted its state-wide moratorium on hydraulic fracturing (fracking). Unconventional gas industries were given the green light to develop on existing petroleum leases, especially in WA’s vast Kimberley region.

From Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Political Thought: The political arm of the labour movement.

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
Australia, as a dry continent with a heavy concentration of its population in coastal communities, is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Australian average temperatures are projected to rise by 1.0°C to 5.0°C by 2070 when compared with the climate of recent decades. Significant environmental and economic impacts from climate change are predicted across a number of sectors, including water security, agriculture, coastal communities, and infrastructure. Climate change has become a major political issue in Australia, with no bipartisan consensus on how it should be addressed.

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
For a country with only 4.9 million people in 1914, Australia made a significant contribution to the Allied effort in World War I.

From Collins Dictionary of Law: The Statute of Westminster (1931) distinguished dominions from colonies and legislation applicable to colonies. Dominions were permitted to pass extraterritorial legislation and no UK legislation was to extend to the dominions unless expressly stated to be by dominion consent. The statute has featured in the development of the constitutions of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
As in World War I, Australia made a substantial contribution to the Allied war effort in World War II.

The Coral Sea lies to the northeast of the Australian mainland. Between 4–8 May 1942, it was the scene of a wide-ranging naval battle between United States and Japanese forces during World War II.

Voluntary association of Great Britain and its dependencies, certain former British dependencies that are now sovereign states and their dependencies, and the associated states (states with full internal government but whose external relations are governed by Britain).

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
Australia's relations with Vietnam began in 1962 when 32 military “advisers” were sent to help the South Vietnamese government in its war with North Vietnam.

From Key Concepts in Postcolonial Literature
Some of the postcolonial writers whose work has gained critical acclaim include indigenous writers such as Canadian First Nations and Australian Aboriginal writers. Growing out of the oral tradition, many of the works of Australian Aboriginal writers which we might discover are life stories, some co-authored, some semi-fictionalised.

From The Macquarie Dictionary
Malley was a literary hoax carried out in 1944 by Australians James McAuley and Harold Stewart with the aim of disparaging the style of contemporary poetry receiving critical praise at the time; they concocted, in a few hours, poetry in that style under the name of Ern Malley, which was treated as genuine and published by the magazine Angry Penguins, before being revealed as a hoax.

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
The title of the first major Hollywood movie shot in Australia, adapted from the 1957 novel of the same name by British author Nevil Shute Norway (1899–1960), who wrote under the pen name Nevil Shute.

Australian writer. He did more than any other to put Australian literature on the international map. His partly allegorical novels explore the lives of early settlers in Australia and often deal with misfits or inarticulate people.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
Australian novelist, b. near Melbourne. Carey's combination of science fiction and fantasy motifs with a realistic style, displayed in the short stories in The Fat Man in History (1974), War Crimes (1979), and Collected Stories (1995), has invited comparison with such modern masters as Borges and Grass.

From Historical Dictionary of Australia
Aboriginal leader, writer, evangelist, and inventor, Unaipon (an anglicized version of his Ngarrindjeri name, Ngunaitponi) was the first indigenous writer to publish in English. From the early 1920s, he studied Aboriginal mythology and compiled his versions of legends, strongly influenced by the classics and by his research into Egyptology at the South Australian Museum. He is commemorated on the Australian $50 bill.