British History in Credo: 20th Century

War between the Central European Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and allies) on one side and the Triple Entente (Britain and the British Empire, France, and Russia) and their allies, including the USA (which entered in 1917), on the other side.

World War I ended in November 1918. At the beginning of 1919 the victorious allies met at the French Palace of Versailles, near Paris. Their aim was to decide how to treat the defeated enemy (Germany) and to redraw the map of Europe.

War between Germany, Italy, and Japan (the Axis powers) on one side, and Britain, the Commonwealth, France, the USA, the USSR, and China (the Allies) on the other.

Treaty establishing the European Union (EU). Agreed in 1991 and signed in 1992, the treaty took effect on 1 November 1993 following ratification by member states.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
World War II air battle between German and British air forces over Britain from 10 July to 31 October 1940. Losses August–September were, for the RAF: 792 fighters totally destroyed; for the Luftwaffe: 668 fighters and some 700 bombers and other aircraft.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
During World War I (1914-18) the term commonly referred to the British army serving in France and Flanders, although strictly speaking it referred only to the forces sent to France in 1914; during World War II it was also the army in Europe, which was evacuated from Dunkirk, France in 1940.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Two decisive battles of World War II in the western desert of northern Egypt. In the first (1-22 July 1942), the British 8th Army under Auchinleck held off the German and Italian forces under Rommel; in the second (23 October-4 November 1942), Montgomery defeated Rommel.

1915, Allied expedition in World War I for the purpose of gaining control of the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits, capturing Constantinople, and opening a Black Sea supply route to Russia.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
German air raids against Britain September 1940-May 1941, following Germany's failure to establish air superiority in the Battle of Britain. It has been estimated that about 42,000 civilians were killed, 50,000 were injured, and more than two million homes were destroyed and damaged in the Blitz.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
In Irish history, a republican insurrection against the British government that began on Easter Monday, April 1916, in Dublin.

In Irish and English history, political slogan adopted by Irish nationalists in the 19th cent. to describe their objective of self-government for Ireland.

A militant organization of Irish nationalists founded with the aim of striving for a united independent Ireland by means of guerrilla warfare.

Irish nationalist movement. It had its roots in the Irish cultural revival at the end of the 19th cent. and the growing nationalist disenchantment with the constitutional Home Rule movement.

From Routledge Dictionary of Economics
Named for Margaret Thatcher. An attitude of frugality towards public expenditure and a belief in the supremacy of market forces. Four principles of Thatcherism: the strengthening of economic incentives, the reduction of the burden of financing the public sector, the reduction in the role of the state to increase freedom of individual choice and increased responsibility in collective bargaining.

British Conservative politician, prime minister 1940-45 and 1951-55. In Parliament from 1900, as a Liberal until 1924, he held a number of ministerial offices, including First Lord of the Admiralty 1911-15 and chancellor of the Exchequer 1924-29.

Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first woman prime minister, decisively changed the way in which British politics had worked since the end of World War II. The British prime minister between 1979 and 1990, Thatcher won three successive general elections as leader of the Conservative Party. An intensely controversial figure in Britain, she is renowned for her right-leaning reforms of United Kingdom (UK) economic and foreign policy.

British Conservative politician, prime minister 1990–97. He was foreign secretary in 1989 and chancellor of the Exchequer 1989–90. His low-key, consensus style of leadership contrasted sharply with his predecessor Margaret Thatcher.

British Labour politician, prime minister 1997-2007. He was leader of the Labour Party 1994-2007. On standing down as prime minister in 2007, he became a Middle East special envoy for the ‘Quartet’ - the USA, European Union, Russia, and the United Nations.

Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1952–2022), elder daughter and successor of George VI.

In The Oxford Companion to British History
Born during the reign of George VI, Prince Charles was 3 when his mother succeeded to the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. In 1981 the prince married Lady Diana Spencer in St Paul's cathedral; two sons, Prince William and Prince Henry, were born in 1982 and 1984. The royal couple separated in 1992 and divorced in 1996. On 9 April 2005 he married at Windsor registry office Camilla Parker-Bowles, who uses the title Duchess of Cornwall.

Member of the UK royal family. Daughter of the 8th Earl Spencer, Diana married Prince Charles in St Paul's Cathedral, London, in 1981. She had two sons, William and Harry, before her separation from Charles in 1992.

British explorer who reached the South Pole (January 1912) only to find that Roald Amundsen had discovered the spot one month before.

Irish Antarctic explorer. In 1908-09, he commanded the British Antarctic expedition that reached 88° 23′ S latitude, located the magnetic South Pole, and climbed Mount Erebus. He was knighted in 1909.

British field marshal and statesman. Trained at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich (1868–70), he had a brief period of service in the French army before being commissioned (1871) in the Royal Engineers.

Gradual achievement of independence by former colonies of the European imperial powers, which began after World War I.

From Chambers Dictionary of World History
Under the Indian Independence Act of July 1947, the formerly British-ruled Indian sub-continent was partitioned on 14–15 Aug into two independent countries, a predominantly Hindu India and a predominantly Muslim Pakistan.

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia
Military confrontation from October to December 1956 following the nationalization of the Suez Canal by President Nasser of Egypt.