Linguistics in Credo: Languages and Language Families

Formerly Hamito-Semitic languages hămʹĭtō-səmĭtʹĭk, family of approximately 250 Afroasiatic languages, spoken by about 340 million ethnically and racially different people, occupy today the major part of the Middle East, all of North Africa, much of North-East Africa and a considerable area in what may roughly be defined as the northwestern corner of Central Africa.

Aboriginal languages spoken on the continent of Australia. The Australian languages do not appear to be related to any other linguistic family. When Europeans first began to explore and settle in Australia, about three hundred languages were spoken by the hunter-gatherer peoples (possibly 300,000 people in total) who inhabited the continent.

A subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. The Indo-European subfamily to which the Baltic languages appear to be closest is the Slavic. Because of this, some linguists regard Baltic and Slavic as branches of a single Balto-Slavic division of the Indo-European family.

Bantu contains hundreds of languages that are spoken by 120 million Africans in the Congo Basin, Angola, the Republic of South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and Kenya. The word Bantu means "the people".

Family of languages spoken by about 7 million people in the Caucasus region of SE European Russia.

Subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. At one time, during the Hellenistic period, Celtic speech extended all the way from Britain and the Iberian Peninsula in the west across Europe to Asia Minor in the east.

Family of about 23 languages that appears to be unrelated to any other known language family. The Dravidian languages are spoken by more than 200 million people, living chiefly in S and central India and N Sri Lanka.

Subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, spoken by about 470 million people in many parts of the world, but chiefly in Europe.

Family of languages having more speakers than any other language family. It is estimated that approximately half the world's population speaks an Indo-European tongue as a first language.

Subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, spoken by more than a billion people, chiefly in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

Group of languages belonging to the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Italic languages). Also called Romanic. Among the more important Romance languages are Catalan, French, Italian, Portuguese, Occitan, Rhaeto-Romanic, Romanian, and Spanish. The spread of some Romance languages to other parts of the world, especially the Western Hemisphere, accompanied the colonizing and empire-building of the mother countries of these languages, notably Spain, Portugal, and France.

A subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. The Indo-European subfamily to which the Baltic languages appear to be closest is the Slavic. Because of this, some linguists regard Baltic and Slavic as branches of a single Balto-Slavic division of the Indo-European family.

Extinct language belonging to the East Semitic subdivision of the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic family of languages . Also called Assyro-Babylonian, Akkadian (or Accadian) was current in ancient Mesopotamia (now Iraq) from about 3000 B.C. until the time of Jesus.

Subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages; the term "Anatolian languages" is also used to refer to all languages, Indo-European and non-Indo-European, that were spoken in Anatolia in ancient times.

Language belonging to the West Semitic subdivision of the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic family of languages (see Afroasiatic languages). At some point during the second millenium b.c., the Aramaeans abandoned their desert existence and settled in Syria, bringing their language, Aramaic, with them. Eventually, the language spread throughout the Middle East, becoming one of the most widely spoken languages in the ancient world.

System of writing developed before the last centuries of the 4th millennium B.C. in the lower Tigris and Euphrates valley, probably by the Sumerians.

A type of writing used in ancient Egypt. Similar pictographic styles of Crete, Asia Minor, and Central America and Mexico are also called hieroglyphic. Egyptian hieroglyphics appear in several stages: the first dynasty (3110–2884 B.C.), when they were already perfected; the Old Kingdom; the Middle Kingdom, when they were beginning to go out of use; the New Empire, when they were no longer well understood by the scribes; and the late hieroglyphics (from 500 B.C.), when the use of them was a tour de force.

Member of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. Latin was first encountered in ancient times as the language of Latium, the region of central Italy in which Rome is located. Roman conquests later spread Latin throughout Italy and the vast Roman Empire

Language belonging to the South Slavic group of the Slavic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Slavic languages).

Language belonging to the Indic group of the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Indo-Iranian). Sanskrit was the classical standard language of ancient India, and some of the oldest surviving Indo-European documents are written in Sanskrit.

Major Semitic language of the Hamito-Semitic family of West Asia and North Africa, originating among the Arabs.

Member of the Thraco-Phrygian subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Indo-European).

Member of the South Slavic group of the Slavonic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Slavic languages).

Member of the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.

Member of the West Germanic group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Germanic languages).

Member of the West Germanic group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Germanic languages).

Member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Romance languages).

Member of the Indo-European family of languages (see Indo-European). It is the language of one of the major civilizations of the world.

Member of the Canaanite group of the West Semitic subdivision of the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic family of languages.

Member of the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.

Member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Romance languages).

Member of the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.

Member of the Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Indo-Iranian languages). Also referred to as 'Farsi'.

Member of the West Slavic group of the Slavic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Slavic languages ).

Member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Romance languages).

Also called Great Russian, member of the East Slavic group of the Slavic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.

Member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Romance languages).

Member of the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.